The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening cup on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the French league champions and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
Yet, the southern French side fired twice late to take a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the final moments to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 shootout victory.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.